From biomass mining to sustainable fishing — using abundance and size to define a spatial management framework for deep-water lobster     

《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(4):547-557

Based on the assumption that depleted stocks would have recovered during a six-year layoff from fishing, trapping for deep-water spiny lobster Palinurus delagoae and slipper lobster Scyllarides elisabethae off eastern South Africa resumed in 2004 until 2007. A generalised linear modelling approach was used to investigate the effects of year, sampling area, depth, month and trap soak-time on catch and lobster size, and to construct standardised abundance indices. The renewed trapping rapidly reversed partially restored nominal catch rates. Fishing strategy changed from targeting spiny lobsters during the first months of each fishing season to targeting slipper lobsters during later months. Small spiny lobsters were abundant in the southern area, identified as a recruitment hotspot. Spiny lobster abundance and size in this area increased over four years of fishing, but conversely, large adult spiny lobsters predominated in the central and northern areas, where trapping depleted their abundance over time. The adult populations in the central and northern areas are upstream from the recruitment hotspot, and are presumably a source of larvae. Slipper lobster abundance peaked in 2005, remained relatively constant across areas, and increased with depth. Trapping for deep-water lobster is unlikely to be sustainable in its present form. However, the clear gradients in spiny lobster size and abundance by sampling area and depth provide a good framework for spatial management planning.  相似文献   

Fifty-five-year longevity for the largest member of the family Sparidae: the endemic red steenbras Petrus rupestris from South Africa     

《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(4):343-353

A previous study that explored the age and growth of red steenbras Petrus rupestris (Valenciennes, 1830), a large sparid (family Sparidae, seabreams or porgies) endemic to South Africa and reported to approach 2 m in length, provided estimates as a moderately slow-growing species with a maximum age near 30 years. The stock is considered collapsed and a fishing moratorium was imposed in 2012, resulting in this species being assessed as Endangered by the IUCN. One consideration in addressing population status is validation of life-history traits. In this study, estimates of age for red steenbras from thin-sectioned otoliths were reassessed visually in terms of both the original ages and revised estimates using a different age-reading pattern. The revised ages exceeded the original ages by up to 30 years, with a maximum estimated age of 55 years from a well-defined otolith section that provided a basis for the revised age-reading procedure. Bomb radiocarbon (¹⁴C) dating revealed there was an offset in the timing of the ¹⁴C rise on the Agulhas Bank that, when coupled with considerations for regional oceanography, provided support for the revised age-reading pattern and an estimated longevity that exceeds 50 years. These findings were further supported by the fortuitous recapture of a tagged red steenbras that was at liberty for 22 years.  相似文献   

Age,growth and natural mortality of blue jack mackerel Trachurus picturatus (Carangidae) from the Canary Islands,Spain (NW Africa)     

《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(4):451-460

Status assessment of exploited fish populations is a general requirement to ensure sustainability of fisheries in both global and local contexts. The blue jack mackerel Trachurus picturatus (Bowdich, 1825) remains unassessed in a data-limited fishery in the eastern central Atlantic, within the waters of the Canary Islands (Spain) off the coast of northwest Africa. This is the most southwestern targeted fishery in the species’ distributional range. To obtain basic life-history information, a total of 2 472 specimens were analysed, ranging from 10.2 to 31.9 cm total length, from samples collected monthly between March 2005 and March 2006. Length–weight relationships (a = 0.0023; b = 3.418; R ² = 0.97) showed no significant difference between sexes. Deposition periodicity and coherence of the ageing criteria were verified by analysis of the monthly evolution of the otolith edge. Ages were estimated by counting annual growth rings on whole otoliths, with these fish ranging from age 0 to 6 years. The von Bertalanffy growth model, which was used to estimate growth parameters from both direct readings and back-calculated length-at-age data, gave good statistical fits. The parameters from the direct readings were: L∞ = 34.9 cm; k = 0.214 y^–1; t ₀ = ?2.545 y (R ² = 0.84), and the natural mortality rates estimated from empirical methods varied between 0.20 and 0.55 y^–1.  相似文献   

Development of a sound reflection system for profiling sediments in shelf and slope depths     

E. J. Barnes 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(1):70-86

A sound reflection system for obtaining profiles of sedimentary structures in shelf and slope depths to 500 m has been developed, based on an Edgerton 1 kJ boomer as sound source. A logarithmic response receiver allows optimal recording of signals over a wide dynamic range. Penetrations of up to 500 m have been obtained from structures within both unconsolidated sediments and folded lower Tertiary structures. The equipment works reliably at speeds up to 9 knots.  相似文献   

Lobster trap impact on coral reefs: Effects of wind‐driven trap movement     

Cynthia F. Lewis  Stopher L. Slade  Kerry E. Maxwell  Thomas R Matthews 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(1):271-282

Commercial fishers report finding their lobster traps often great distances from their original location following major hurricanes. But traps also move during lesser wind events, such as during winter cold fronts. To assess trap impact on coral communities following winter storms, lobster traps were placed in hardbottom and reef habitats commonly used by commercial fishers in the Florida Keys, United States. Trap movement, percentage benthic faunal cover, and benthic faunal damage were assessed after 26 wind events occuring over three winters. Traps moved when storms with sustained winds greater than 15 knots (27.8 km/h) persisted for more than 2 days. Winter storms above this threshold moved buoyed traps a mean (±SE) distance of 3.63 ± 0.62 m, 3.21 ± 0.36 m, and 0.73 ± 0.15 m per trap and affected a mean area of 4.66 ± 0.76 m², 2.88 ± 0.29 m², and 1.06 ± 0.17 m², per trap at 4‐m, 8‐m, and 12‐m depths, respectively. Unbuoyed traps, simulating derelict traps, moved a mean distance of 0.43 ± 0.08 m and 0.44 ± 0.02 m, and affected a mean area of 0.77 ± 0.06 m² and 0.90 ± 0.08 m² per trap at 4‐m and 8‐m depths, respectively. Injuries caused by trap movement included scraped, fragmented, and dislodged sessile fauna, resulting in significant damage to stony coral, octocoral, and sponges. Overall, sessile fauna cover along the trap movement path was reduced from 45% to 31%, 51% to 41%, and 41% to 35% at the 4‐m, 8‐m, and 12‐m sites, respectively. Because of the large numbers of traps deployed and reported lost each season, damage to sessile fauna and loss of benthic faunal cover caused by traps needs to be considered to effectively protect coral reefs and manage essential fishery habitat in the future.  相似文献   

Applicability of Individual Transferable Quotas (ITQs) in Japanese fisheries: A comparison of rights-based fisheries management in Iceland, Japan, and United States   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Nobuyuki YagiMichael L. Clark  Lee G. AndersonRagnar Arnason  Rebecca Metzner 《Marine Policy》2012,36(1):241-245

ITQs have not yet been introduced by the Government of Japan. In coastal areas, fishery cooperative associations have traditionally played an important role in managing fisheries through self-imposed rules and peer-monitoring systems. Recently, however, the economic competitiveness of Japanese fisheries in the international market is being questioned. In this paper, a detailed examination of the pros and cons of the current system in Japan is compared to the current fishery management measures of Iceland and the United States, where attaining economically or biologically efficient outcomes may be prioritized in making fisheries management decisions. For many coastal fisheries in Japan, maintaining a management scheme in which stakeholders play an active role in determining fisheries measures seems more relevant if their priority is to maintain the stability of coastal communities and equity of stakeholders. Intensive dialog among stakeholders would be necessary to identify shared objectives of their fishery operations and to make decisions to establish specific steps toward the goal of increasing economic efficiency, environmental sustainability, or stability of communities and equity of stakeholders.  相似文献   

Fishers' perceptions as indicators of the performance of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)     

Kevin Leleu  Frédérique AlbanDominique Pelletier  Eric CharbonnelYves Letourneur  Charles F. Boudouresque 《Marine Policy》2012,36(2):414-422

How users perceive the performance of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) is fundamental for the social acceptance of these zones. Moreover, their perceptions may be relevant for monitoring the effects of MPAs on extractive activities. This study analyzes artisanal fishers' perceptions of the performance of a north-western Mediterranean coastal MPA, which encompasses two no-take zones (NTZs). Three viewpoints have been considered: the effect on the personal activity of fishers, the effect on the local fishery and the effect on the ecosystem. In order to test the hypothesis that biomass export (spillover) - which had previously been evidenced from the two NTZs - may influence fishers' perceptions of NTZ effects, fishers' perceptions were compared with both declared and observed fishing activity over an one-year period.The results show that negative perceptions of NTZs are either nil or are negligible. Most fishers are aware of the beneficial effects of NTZs on ecosystems and fisheries. However, they remain to be convinced of the beneficial effects of the NTZs on their own activity. For instance, the proximity of a NTZ appears never to be involved in the choice of a fishing spot. This partial lack of correspondence between scientific expectation and fishers' perceptions is discussed in the light of fishing habits in the zone adjacent to NTZs, and takes into account fishing grounds, targeted species and seniority (defined as the number of years the fisher has been fishing within the MPA). All three factors appear to influence fishers' perceptions. For example, having a positive perception about a NTZ and spending more time fishing in the adjacent zone are habits that can be associated with fishers with less seniority. Fishers' perceptions obviously indicate the social acceptance of the MPA and are an essential monitoring tool for MPA managers. However, perceptions cannot be seen as a substitute for scientific monitoring, as both approaches are clearly complementary.  相似文献   

Managing Bluefin Tuna in the Mediterranean Sea     

Ussif Rashid Sumaila  Ling Huang 《Marine Policy》2012,36(2):502-511

Atlantic Bluefin Tuna is an important but not well managed fishery in the Mediterranean Sea. In this paper, management system is evaluated with information on stock status, resource rent, and total employment. The non-restrictive implementation of International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) policies is found to be the institutional reason for its management failure, while the common-property and shared stock nature of this fishery is the fundamental reason. To address these major issues, policy schemes are proposed to help sustainably manage this valuable resource in the Mediterranean Sea.  相似文献   

尼罗罗非鱼Oreochromis niloticus、奥利亚罗非鱼O.aureus和红罗非鱼O.sp.群体遗传多样性的比较     

李莉好  喻达辉  黄桂菊  杜博  符云  童馨  郭奕惠  叶卫 《热带海洋学报》2012,(2):102-109

用9对微卫星引物对尼罗罗非鱼Oreochromis niloticus、奥利亚罗非鱼O.aureus和红罗非鱼O.sp.群体的遗传变异进行了比较研究。在3个群体109个个体中共检测到60个等位基因,3个群体的平均等位基因数分别为4.11、1.33和3.44,平均观测杂合度分别为0.528、0.056和0.491,平均期望杂合度分别为0.644、0.091和0.526,平均多态信息含量分别为0.580、0.077和0.466。杂合子偏离度D值分别为0.148、0.222和0.044,表明3个罗非鱼群体存在不同程度的杂合子缺失。卡方检验表明3个群体的大部分位点偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡,存在遗传漂变现象。群体间遗传分化显著(遗传分化指数FST在0.329到0.656之间,P<0.01)。尼罗罗非鱼和红罗非鱼群体间的遗传距离最小(0.47)。上述分析表明,尼罗罗非鱼的遗传多样性最高,奥利亚罗非鱼的遗传多样性最低,群体间分化显著。表明尼罗罗非鱼和红罗非鱼尚具有一定的选育潜力,而奥利亚罗非鱼遗传多样性低,不利于选择育种,需要引进新的种群。  相似文献   

协同多源遥感数据的北亚热带森林蓄积量贝叶斯分层估测   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

林文科  陆亚刚  蒋先蝶  李桂英  李登秋  陆灯盛 《遥感学报》2022,26(3):468-479

精确估算森林蓄积量是国家实现2060年前碳中和目标的迫切需求,而基于遥感的森林蓄积量定量反演是当前遥感应用领域面临的重要挑战和研究热点.光学遥感数据由于无法获取森林高度信息并存在信号饱和问题,反演森林蓄积量的精度较低,而机载Lidar数据能获取高度信息,但成本高、观测范围有限.本研究利用Sentinel-2多光谱、资源...  相似文献